Exchange-rate risk.

Exchange-rate risk arises when a payment, receipt, or asset is denominated in a currency whose value can change before settlement.

Put it into practice.

A US company that owes a fixed euro amount needs more dollars if the dollar weakens against the euro. Matching currency receipts and payments can reduce exposure; hedging also has costs and conditions.

A common mistake

A currency move has different effects on importers, exporters, and firms with foreign-currency debt. State whose currency strengthens and which obligation is fixed.

Original independent study explanation. Revised October 2026. Practice assumptions are illustrative.